Carbon Neutrality And Magnet

Carbon neutrality, the term for energy conservation and emission reduction, refers to the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced directly or indirectly generated by enterprises, groups or individuals within a certain period of time, and offset their own production through afforestation, energy conservation and emission reduction, etc. To achieve “zero emission” of carbon dioxide. The carbon peak refers to the steady decline of carbon emissions after entering the plateau period. Simply, it means to "break-even" carbon dioxide emissions.

Excessive emissions of carbon dioxide lead to global climate change and ultimately global warming. Global warming has had a profound impact on our lives. A large number of glaciers have gradually melted, causing water levels to rise, threatening coastal areas; global warming will cause more and more extreme air such as droughts and typhoons; global warming will cause The low-altitude ozone concentration increases, and ozone destroys human lung tissues, causing lung diseases such as asthma; global warming will also destroy the biological chain and food chain, bringing serious natural consequences.

The impact of carbon dioxide emissions is so great, where does it come from? Here are a few examples of carbon emissions. A large-displacement car that travels 20,000 km in a city each year releases 2 tons of carbon dioxide. For every liter of fuel burned by the engine, 2.5 kg of carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. An airplane transports one ton of cargo, has a flight mileage of 10,000 km, and emits 3.2 tons of carbon dioxide. A computer indirectly emits 10.5 kilograms of carbon dioxide per year. Heating using kerosene as fuel emits 2,400 kg of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere a year. The CO₂ emissions from using natural gas are 1900 kg. Our human body will also release 1140 grams of carbon dioxide through breathing every day.

At present, the carbon dioxide in the air is mainly absorbed and stored by the soil, forest and ocean, so we humans have been doing tree planting and afforestation to absorb and convert carbon dioxide. In addition, we also need to develop new clean energy and reduce the use of carbon-containing energy. Magnets have played a very important role in energy conservation and emission reduction. At the same time, carbon neutrality has also promoted the rapid development of the magnet industry. The most used magnet is NdFeB magnet, because its comprehensive quality is the best. On the one hand, in the field of motor application, the use of magnetic materials can be greatly reduced, the volume of the motor can be reduced, and the conversion efficiency of electrical and mechanical energy can be improved, which is conducive to energy saving and reducing emissions. On the other hand, NdFeB permanent magnets will help the development of new energy. More than 40% of the wind turbines use NdFeB permanent magnets, which will help the development of clean energy. At the same time, the drive motors of new energy vehicles mainly use NdFeB permanent magnets. It is conducive to reducing the use of fossil energy and reducing carbon emissions in the future.

With the promotion of energy saving and emission reduction policies, new energy vehicles will gradually replace traditional energy vehicles. 2020 is the first year driven by the marketization of new energy vehicles. Production and sales will grow rapidly in the second half of the year. The global sales volume will be 3.24 million. The demand for permanent magnets is around 11,500 tons. At the same time, under the pressure of carbon peak and carbon neutral energy saving and emission reduction, new energy vehicles must meet the requirements of higher efficiency and lighter weight and promote the progress of NdFeB magnet technology. Sintered NdFeB permanent magnets use grain boundary penetration Such technologies have improved performance and reduced costs, and the price gap with ferrite products has gradually narrowed.

Wind power has the advantages of zero emissions, relatively low manufacturing costs, and long service life. It will be one of the important supports for global carbon emissions reduction. In 2020, the global installed capacity of wind power was 96.3GW, a year-on-year increase of 59%, of which China’s installed capacity was 71.67GW, a significant increase of 178% year-on-year. By 2025, China's domestic clean energy will account for about 20% of domestic energy supply, corresponding to domestic wind power and photovoltaics The total annual average installed capacity needs to be maintained above 120GW. According to the roughly 6:4 structure of photovoltaic and wind power, the average new installed capacity of wind power in China in the next 5 years will be 50GW/year. There are four main types of wind power generators at the current stage: asynchronous wind generators, doubly-fed asynchronous wind generators, semi-direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generators and direct drive AC permanent magnet synchronous generators, of which semi-direct drive and direct drive AC permanent magnet synchronous motors require NdFeB permanent magnets.

Excessive carbon dioxide leads to climate change that has greatly threatened the survival of human beings on the earth. Only by developing green and low-carbon can this threat be alleviated. At the same time, this is also an opportunity for the development of the magnet industry.