Top 40 metals

Top 40 metals

Summary

Wonders of Nature

Top 40 metals


1. The purest metal

Germanium: Germanium purified by regional melting technology, with a purity of "13 9s" (99.99999999999%).

▲ Gibbsite is a hydroxide mineral of aluminum, and it is the main component in bauxite deposits.

2. The most reserves metal

Aluminum: Its abundance occupies about 8% of the earth's crust. There are aluminum compounds everywhere on the earth, and ordinary soil also contains a lot of alumina.


3. The least reserves metal


Polonium: The total amount in the earth's crust is extremely small.

4. The lightest metal

Lithium feldspar, the first piece of lithium ore discovered is petalite


Lithium: equivalent to one-half of the weight of water, not only can it float on water, it can also float in kerosene.

5. The most refractory metal

Tungsten: The melting point is 3410°C and the boiling point is 5700°C. When the electric light is on, the temperature of the filament is as high as 3000, and only tungsten can withstand such a high temperature. China is the world's largest tungsten storage country, mainly scheelite and wolframite.


Scheelite
Wolframite


7. The most productive metal

Iron: Iron is the metal with the highest annual output. In 2017, global crude steel output reached 1.6912 billion tons. At the same time, iron is also the second highest metal element in the earth's crust.


8. The metal that can absorb gas most


Palladium: 1 volume of metallic palladium can absorb 900 to 2800 volumes of hydrogen at room temperature.

9. The most malleable metal

Gold: 1 gram of gold can be drawn into a 4,000-meter-long filament; if beaten into gold leaf, the thickness can reach 5×10-4 mm.




10. The most ductile metal

Platinum: The thinnest platinum wire is only 1/5000mm in diameter.

11. The most conductive metal




Silver: Its conductivity is 59 times that of mercury.

12. The highest content of metal elements in the human body
The main component of dolomite is CaMg(CO3)2

Calcium: Calcium is the metal element with the highest content in the human body, accounting for about 1.4% of the body's mass.

13. Transition metal with the highest ranking



Scandium: Scandium has an atomic number of only 21, which is the top transition metal.


14. The most precious metal

Californium: In 1975, the world provided only about 1 gram of californium, and the price of 1 gram was about US$1 billion. With the advancement of science and technology, the extraction technology is mature, and the price has dropped a lot, about 10-20 million US dollars per gram.


15. The most easily applied superconducting element

Niobium: When cooled to an ultra-low temperature of -263.9°C, it will be transformed into a superconductor with almost no resistance.

16. The heaviest metal

Osmium: Osmium per cubic centimeter weighs 22.59 grams, and its density is about twice that of lead and three times that of iron.

17. The minimum hardness metal


Sodium: Its Mohs hardness is 0.4 and can be cut with a knife at room temperature.


18. The hardest metal

Chromium: Chromium (Cr), also known as "hard bones", is a silver-white metal that is extremely hard and brittle. The Mohs hardness is 9, second only to diamond.

Chromium lead ore is the first artificially mined mineral to discover chromium.

19. The earliest metal used

Bronze: According to textual research, the earliest bronze ware in my country has a history of more than 4,000 years.

Chalcopyrite. Copper was smelted from copper minerals such as chalcopyrite in the Shang Dynasty or earlier in China.


20. The metal with the largest liquid range

Gallium: Its melting point is 29.78°C, and its boiling point is 2205°C.

Gallium is a by-product in the industrial processing of sphalerite, pyrite, bauxite, and germanium. The picture shows pure gallium.


21. The metal that is most likely to generate current under light

Cesium: its main purpose is to produce various photoelectric tubes

Pollucite, once called pollucite

22. The most active element among alkaline earth metals

Barium: Barium is chemically active, and it is the most active among alkaline earth metals. It was only classified as a metallic element in 1808.

The most common mineral of barium in nature is barite


23. The metal most afraid of cold

Tin: When the temperature is lower than -13.2°C , tin will begin to break; when the temperature is lower than -30°C -40°C , it will turn into powder immediately. This phenomenon is often called "tin epidemic".

24. The most toxic metal to humans

Plutonium: Its lethality is 486 million times that of arsenic, and it is also the strongest carcinogen. 1×10-6 grams of plutonium can cause cancer.

Plutonium will not stick to the magnet


25. the largest natural gold

It was discovered by Hope Star Gold Mining Company in the Hill End area of ​​Australia on October 19, 1872, weighing 214.3 kg.




26. the largest natural silver

Found in the Sonora region of Mexico, weighing 1026.5 kg.


27. the largest natural copper

It weighs 26 tons and was discovered in 1977 at the Horton Quincy Mine in Michigan, USA.

28. The largest radioactive element in sea water

Uranium: Uranium is the largest radioactive element in seawater, estimated to reach 4 billion tons, which is 1544 times the amount of uranium on land.


29. The most abundant element in sea water

Sodium: Sodium exists in the form of potassium ions in seawater, with a content of about 10.62g/kg, which is the metal element with the highest content in seawater.

30. The metal with the highest atomic number among the stable elements

Lead: Lead has the highest atomic number among all stable chemical elements. There are 4 stable isotopes in nature: lead 204, 206, 207, and 208.

31. The most common human allergenic metal

Nickel: Nickel is the most common allergenic metal. About 20% of people are allergic to nickel ions.

32. The most important metal for aerospace

Titanium: Titanium is a gray transition metal, which is characterized by light weight, high strength, and good corrosion resistance. It is known as "space metal".


33. The most acid-resistant metal

Tantalum: It does not react to hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid and "aqua regia" regardless of whether it is under cold or hot conditions. In 1 year of concentrated sulfuric acid at 175°C, the corroded thickness is 0.0004 mm.

34. The metal with the smallest atomic radius

Beryllium: Its atomic radius is 89pm.

35. The most corrosion-resistant metal

Iridium: Iridium has extremely high chemical stability to acid and is insoluble in acid. Only spongy iridium will slowly dissolve in hot aqua regia. If it is dense, even boiling aqua regia will not corrode.

36. The most special color metal

Copper: Pure metallic copper is purple-red.
37. The metal with the most isotopes
Tin: There are 10 stable isotopes.


38. The heaviest alkali metal

Francium: It is derived from the decay of actinium. It is a radioactive metal and the heaviest metal in alkali metals. Its relative atomic mass is 223.


39. The last metal discovered by humans

Rhenium: Super metal rhenium is a truly rare element, plus it does not form a fixed mineral, usually accompanied by other metals. This makes it the last element found in nature

40. The most special metal at room temperature

hydrargyrum: Metal is solid at room temperature, only mercury is the most special, it is the only liquid metal at room temperature.