Top 40 metals
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- publisher
- Gordon
- Issue Time
- Jan 28,2021
Summary
Wonders of Nature
1. The purest metal
Germanium: Germanium purified by regional melting technology,
with a purity of "13 9s" (99.99999999999%).
2. The most reserves metal
Aluminum: Its abundance occupies about 8% of the earth's crust.
There are aluminum compounds everywhere on the earth, and ordinary soil also
contains a lot of alumina.
3. The least reserves metal
Polonium: The total amount in the earth's crust is extremely small.
Lithium feldspar, the first piece of lithium ore discovered is petalite
Lithium: equivalent to one-half of the weight of water, not only can it
float on water, it can also float in kerosene.
5. The most refractory metal
7. The most productive metal
Iron: Iron is the metal with the highest annual output. In 2017, global crude steel output reached 1.6912 billion tons. At the same time, iron is also the second highest metal element in the earth's crust.
8. The metal that can absorb gas most
11. The most conductive metal
Calcium: Calcium is the metal element with the highest content
in the human body, accounting for about 1.4% of the body's mass.
13. Transition metal with the highest
ranking
Scandium: Scandium has an atomic number of only 21, which is the
top transition metal.
14. The most precious metal
Californium: In 1975, the world provided only about 1 gram
of californium, and the price of 1 gram was about US$1 billion. With the
advancement of science and technology, the extraction technology is mature, and
the price has dropped a lot, about 10-20 million US dollars per gram.
15. The most easily applied superconducting
element
Niobium: When cooled to an ultra-low temperature of -263.9°C, it
will be transformed into a superconductor with almost no resistance.
16. The heaviest metal
Osmium: Osmium per cubic centimeter weighs 22.59 grams, and its
density is about twice that of lead and three times that of iron.
17. The minimum hardness metal
Sodium: Its Mohs hardness is 0.4 and can be cut with a knife at
room temperature.
18. The hardest metal
Chromium: Chromium (Cr), also known as "hard bones",
is a silver-white metal that is extremely hard and brittle. The Mohs hardness
is 9, second only to diamond.
Chromium lead ore is the first artificially mined mineral to
discover chromium.
19. The earliest metal used
Bronze: According to textual research, the earliest bronze ware
in my country has a history of more than 4,000 years.
Chalcopyrite. Copper was smelted from copper minerals such as
chalcopyrite in the Shang Dynasty or earlier in China.
20. The metal with the largest liquid range
Gallium: Its melting point is 29.78°C, and its boiling point is
2205°C.
Gallium is a by-product in the industrial processing of
sphalerite, pyrite, bauxite, and germanium. The picture shows pure gallium.
21. The metal that is most likely to
generate current under light
Cesium: its main purpose is to produce various photoelectric
tubes
Pollucite,
once called pollucite
22. The most active element among alkaline
earth metals
Barium: Barium is chemically active, and it is the most active
among alkaline earth metals. It was only classified as a metallic element in
1808.
The most common mineral of barium in nature is barite
23. The metal most afraid of cold
Tin: When the temperature is lower than -13.2°C ,
tin will begin to break; when the temperature is lower than -30°C ～-40°C ,
it will turn into powder immediately. This phenomenon is often called "tin
epidemic".
24. The most toxic metal to humans
Plutonium: Its lethality is 486 million times that of arsenic,
and it is also the strongest carcinogen. 1×10-6 grams of plutonium can cause
cancer.
Plutonium will not stick to the magnet
25. the largest natural gold
It was discovered by Hope Star Gold Mining Company in the Hill End
area of Australia
on October 19, 1872, weighing 214.3 kg.
26. the largest natural silver
Found in the Sonora region of Mexico, weighing 1026.5 kg.
27. the largest natural copper
It weighs 26 tons and was discovered in 1977 at the Horton
Quincy Mine in Michigan, USA.
28. The largest radioactive element in sea
water
Uranium: Uranium is the largest radioactive element in seawater,
estimated to reach 4 billion tons, which is 1544 times the amount of uranium on
land.
29. The most abundant element in sea water
Sodium: Sodium exists in the form of potassium ions in seawater,
with a content of about 10.62g/kg, which is the metal element with the highest
content in seawater.
30. The metal with the highest atomic
number among the stable elements
Lead: Lead has the highest atomic number among all stable
chemical elements. There are 4 stable isotopes in nature: lead 204, 206, 207,
and 208.
31. The most common human allergenic metal
Nickel: Nickel is the most common allergenic metal. About 20% of
people are allergic to nickel ions.
32. The most important metal for aerospace
Titanium: Titanium is a gray transition metal, which is
characterized by light weight, high strength, and good corrosion resistance. It
is known as "space metal".
33. The most acid-resistant metal
35. The most corrosion-resistant metal
Iridium: Iridium has extremely high chemical stability to acid
and is insoluble in acid. Only spongy iridium will slowly dissolve in hot aqua
regia. If it is dense, even boiling aqua regia will not corrode.
36. The most special color metal
38. The heaviest alkali metal
Francium: It is derived from the decay of actinium. It is a
radioactive metal and the heaviest metal in alkali metals. Its relative atomic
mass is 223.
39. The last metal discovered by humans
40. The most special metal at room temperature
hydrargyrum: Metal is solid at room temperature, only mercury is the
most special, it is the only liquid metal at room temperature.